The Festivals Tourism In Egypt
Introduction
Tourism is one of the most important investment sectors that countries are interested in, because it is one of the most important sources of national income. It is also an important means of self-entertainment, represented by traveling and moving to and from the country To enjoy the aesthetic and archaeological landscapes there, or to practice any other cultural activities, or locally Religious, therapeutic, trips, adventures, swimming, diving, and many other reasons for which a person decides Traveling and moving from one place to another, and from these multiple types of Tourism for Tourism, Art Festival tourism has emerged Which consists of traveling to attend art events and festivals held in various countries of the world, so I became And basically Festival tourism is a component of the tourism industry in many countries of the world, where tourism contributes significantly Festivals stimulate the process of economic development, through the increasing demand for hotel reservations and trips To enjoy and participate in the activities of those events, which in turn generate foreign currencies with which to support income for And then it flows into the economy of the country as a whole, and Egypt is unique in holding many festivals that are popular The most important of them are: the International Song Festival, the car rally, the International Festival of sayd Fish, Equestrian Festival, bicycle race, camel race, International Squash pyramids Championship and others) honor 2018 The process of activating sales in the tourist market is one of the most important elements of the promotional mix that has a significant impact on the volume Sales and tourist contracts, among the successful means in the process of promotional activation of festivals, countries are seeking The competent authorities will use these means to attract the largest number of tourists and improve the mental image of the tourist destination Cal from Corobs & Popescu( 2012) mentions some of the features that make festivals and events of a nature The various roles played by the festivals include the promotion of Tourism, Heritage, Arts and other social objectives (2016, Wipo), in addition to the fun spirit generated by participating in the events and activities of those events, the satisfaction of The basic needs of tourists from pleasure and entertainment through participation in festival events as well as exclusivity Originality, as it expresses the originality and heritage of the host country For these events, the hospitality of the tourists participating in them، Positive mental impressions about the tourist destination where the event is held, the event has an objective, achievable idea To maximize the spirit of joy and customer service (Abu Ghanima and Abdo, 2018). The search problem Egypt is full of many special events throughout the year, as a result of the lack of interest of bodies, institutions, and ministries, Egypt is losing a lot of opportunities to attract tourists. So the problem of research lies in the study
Search goal: The research aims to:
Get acquainted with the most important art festivals in Egypt.
Identify the role of festival tourism in supporting tourism and economic development.
Measuring the impact of festivals in host countries on increasing national income. .ً
proposing a marketing strategy for the El Gouna Film Festival to market Egypt tourism
Research methodology
To achieve the objectives of the study, the research was based on a descriptive approach, based on previous studies that dealt with Tourism festivals, the basics of tourism marketing, methods of preparing marketing strategies, and then the field approach through The questionnaire that was distributed to the participants of the El Gouna Film Festival for the year .2019, and from these studies (Quinn,2009; Getz,2008; Kose &Argan,2012; Cundy,2013; UNESCO Institute for Statistics, 2015)Theoretical study
The tourist agenda contains a wide range of special events, whether sports, artistic, or cultural, and attracts those It covers most of the time of the year, which ensures a tourist presence in Egypt, and there are a large number of interested tourists All year round (2003, et Gursoy), so it is worth noting the concept and importance of special events, and for you to As follows:
The concept of special events
Many scientists have found it difficult to define a specific concept of special events, which may be due to the limited amount of Activities that fall under the name of a special event, as well as the flexible nature of the word special, which is special for some, may In this area, we make efforts to connect some concepts of events that are not special to others. The interested party has made a great Among them are the following: A unique moment that is celebrated, and certain ceremonies and rituals are held to meet the needs and desires of the participants. Temporary organized events that occur outside the scope of the participants ' daily routine life, and seek to satisfy certain goals by offering some activities and celebrations. About the traditional types of Tourism and participation in the events of some celebrations, A tourist activity that achieves a certain distant goal, and festivals are a market that includes thousands who travel to attend unique and special events. About his usual place of residence, to attend A special event tourist is defined as an individual who travels far Or participate in events accompanied by tourist activities and services (2014, Fernandez & Mogollon) Features of special eventsSpecial events are characterized by many features, for example, the following (2010, Quinn ):Multi-role: special events are characterized by the possibility of integrating more than one goal, such as social, cultural, sports، My art (And more than one body ), Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Culture -It is fun, a sense of belonging, interaction, and participation among the people who intend this style
Flexible spirit: special events create a tourist. Satisfying the basic and humanitarian needs and desires of the participants in the events of these celebrations. Uniqueness and originality: as they are considered as unique events and celebrations that express the antiquity and originality of the tourist destination, and being in another tourist destination, Hospitality is extended to the participants of the celebrations by its organizers. Good mental impressions of the tourist destination
The importance of special events
The importance of special events is that they are an important tool for economic development and achieving profitability in the tourist destination, and contribute to In the continuity of interaction and cultural and cultural origin (2011, al et Kose) and help to improve the quality of resources Human beings through training, achieving social meaning through familiarization with customs, traditions and special customs.
The concept of tourist festivals
The countries of the world are racing to hold various festivals and display them on the tourist agenda to attract a larger number ofTourists from all countries of the world, and these countries are trying to set fixed dates for festivals so that tourism companies canMarketing specialists will work on the necessary publicity for the festival and get acquainted with the agenda of those festivals, and in Egypt tourist festivals and special events occupy a large place in the Egyptian tourist agenda, and have come to define cities And certain sites are visited by tourists to attend and participate in the events and activities of these festivals (Zakaria, 2016). Know Festivals are public celebrations of countries that are within a certain scope and framework, in which various original creations and events are held that may Be sports, cultural, or social, tourist, and marketing activities during a certain period of the year, to achieve the goals of Social, economic, cultural, and recreational benefits at the International and local levels
The purpose of tourist festivals
Tourism festivals aim to promote the artistic and cultural heritage of the tourist destination and to put the host countries of the festival on He urged the official and non-official bodies to give priority to the expression of energies The human and cultural interests of the organizers and the host country of the event, and the tourist image of the host country. It is considered The festival is open to the outside world, where many bands participate ( Art Festival), and sports events, Opening up Sports Festival( and other competitions worldwide), 2009, Quinn). The role of festival tourism in supporting economic developmentFestival tourism received a Ru
At the global level, especially for its contribution to the development of the economies of major countries, attention is given. In recent years, Cudny ( 2013) has pointed out that festival tourism contributes to supporting economic development through: contributing to the achievement of direct income for the region where the festival is held. Providing job opportunities for young people. Marketing of tourist services, artistic and cultural products. Attracting tourist demand for festival venues and highlighting the region through the experience of tourists. Increase in internal tourist traffic, development and development of areas where festivals are held. Motivating businessmen to invest in economic facilities in the region where the festival is held
Definition of art festivals
Art festivals are defined as those short-term scheduled events whose programs include performances or Exhibitions showcasing individual or multiple art models, and there are opportunities for the public to participate directly in special activities.
The performances of these festivals take place in traditional venues such as theaters and venues Public buildings, streets and non-traditional places such as historical buildings and studios ), al et Long; 2010, Quinne( .2006 as noted by gmmal El( 2012 ), the success of art festivals is assessed by key factors It is represented by the festival's ability to attract performers and visitors, and its positive impact on improving the tourist's mental image The host destination of the festival as well as highlighting the marketing of the festival and its role in promoting the host cities. Egypt has started working on becoming an art festival that the world seeks to attend and participate in, and a year has witnessed the number of festivals organized by Egypt. Table shows the most important festivals held in both 2018 rising In Cairo and the provincial capitals during that year.
One of the most significant ways to attract tourists is through festivals. Egypt's revenue will rise as a result. Egypt has had a number of well-attended exhibits and festivals. The following are the most crucial:
Opera Aida, the Cairo International Festival of Popular Song, the Cairo International Film Festival, the Tourism and Shopping Festival, the International Festival of Documentary Film, the Ismailia Festival of Folk Art, the International Festival of Theater, the Alexandria International Film Festival, the Festival in Fulfillment of the Nile, the Sun Falls Perpendicular to the Temple of Abu Simbel Festival, the Annual Celestial Star Festival, and the Tourism International Day Festival
Coinciding with the celebration of the sun's alignment with the face of the statue of Ramses II at Abu Simbel Temple, a unique astronomical event that reflects the creativity of the ancient Egyptians and attracts thousands of tourists from around the world annually, the Ministry of Culture will launch the 12th Aswan International Festival for Culture and Arts next Sunday, which will continue until February 22. The event aims to enhance Aswan's position as a global cultural and tourist center and provide the public with the opportunity to discover various types of arts and cultures.
One of the most well-preserved ancient temples in the nation of North Africa was constructed for Hathor, the ancient Egyptian goddess of love, beauty, music, dance, fertility, and pleasure.
Opet Festival
This boisterous festival, known as the Opet Festival, was centered in Thebes, in the second lunar month and was determined according to the lunar calendar. Its duration of twenty-seven days in the 20th Dynasty demonstrates the importance of the festival... However, we know almost nothing about the celebration before the 18th Dynasty and the rise of Thebes. The celebration may not have been as ancient as some other festivals, although the Opet celebration was predominant during the New Kingdom.
Festival of the Beautiful Valley
The Festival of the Beautiful Valley was another annual event that Egyptians looked forward to, centered in Thebes. It allowed the living to connect with their loved ones in the afterlife. Although historians can trace the celebration back to the Middle Kingdom, it became significant during the New Kingdom. Egyptians held it in the tenth lunar month.
Heb-Sed Festival
One of the most important aspects of this festival is that citizens probably only experienced it once in a lifetime. The Heb-Sed Festival was typically celebrated after 30 years of a king's reign and every three years. This important ritual symbolized renewal to ensure a long reign in the afterlife for the pharaohs... The ceremonies were intended to restore harmony between the king and the universe. Furthermore, in the event of illness or mere old age of the king, priests performed the official rites after 30 years of kingship. However, there is evidence that the ancients sometimes planned the celebration earlier. It usually began on New Year's Day, one of the seasons of Peret (appearance), and began with a majestic procession, as did all ancient Egyptian festivals.
Many Sed festivals, dating back to the predynastic period, were performed before officials and ordinary people who were fortunate enough to be part of the festival. For this purpose, magnificent courtyards were often built or reconstructed for the Sed festival, with the throne at one end and the public at the other. The open courtyard of the Step Pyramid at Saqqara served as the Sed festival for Djoser's Heb-Sed. Sculptors also reproduced the shrines of local deities for the Sed festival to demonstrate the king's power over all of Egypt.
The last event was completed at the Abydos Temple in the province of Sohag. A music and singing event was also introduced in March at the Dendera Temple in Qena, and the 35-nation African Film Festival was held in Luxor. The Aswan International Women's Film Festival and the Aswan International Festival of Culture and Arts, which organized a mesmerizing ceremony in the Abu Simbel temple, were also among the events. Both events occurred in February.
"celebrating cultural events is part of a promising strategy by the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities for 2022 to host a range of events around Egypt to promote cultural tourism." and, the purpose of the cultural and artistic events held at the archaeological sites was to "encourage Egyptians and visitors to witness the rich ancient Egyptian culture."Several basements and side chambers of Dendera Temple were accessible to guests for the first time during the music event,
Some of the events have been actively organized by the Egyptian Opera House, "The Opera House and the Ministry of Culture are passionate about transmitting the many kinds of art offered in Cairo to the audience of southern Upper Egypt.", there are around 15,000 people attended the singing events in the temples of Dendera and Abydos.
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