Al Sharqia Governorate Egypt

• 16 / 5 / 2023

Sharqiya governorate is one of the governorates of the Arab Republic of Egypt, located in the eastern region, and the third-largest governorate in terms of population. It has great historical significance as it was considered the east gate of Egypt and the landing place of many prophets, companions, leaders, and historical leaders.

History

Al-Sharqiya governorate was formerly the 12th province of Al-NAHJ Al-Bahri and its ancient capital (Bubastis), which became the capital of all of Egypt at one time in history. The province of Sharqiya with its current name may have been formed during the reign of the Fatimid state and before that it was divided into several small "Kuras", each one standing on its own, then it was joined together and named Sharqiya because it was located on the eastern side of the sea face and in 1315 it was called the eastern works, and in 1527 it was called the eastern Wilayat. When Muhammad Ali took over the rule of Egypt in 1805, the Egyptian country consisted of 13 states divided into 7 states in the maritime face, 13 states in the tribal face. Eastern was one of the states of the sea face and the oldest of them. When Muhammad Ali ordered a general survey of the Egyptian tarmac in 1813, he ordered the states to be divided into lines, each headed by an employee on behalf of the ruler of the line, in order to organize and supervise the work in the villages, and each line includes several aspects, each of which is a town Sheikh or mayor. In 1816, the western, Lake, Dakahlia and eastern states were divided into sections, each of which was assigned an overseer. In 1819 Muhammad Ali ordered the abolition of the name of the bailiff and the replacement of the posts of Kashif and governor with a bailiff. And he changed the capital from belbis to Zagazig. The Egyptian country is divided into 24 bailiwicks, of which 14 are from the Maritime provinces and 10 from the tribal regions, the Sharqiya governorate was divided into two bailiwicks out of a total of 14 bailiwicks, namely:

The first half of the eastern half: includes sections such as fursakr, Abu Kabir, Tawila, and Al-Salih.
The second half of the eastern: it includes the sections of Belbeis, Haya, Sheba Al-nakariya, and Aziziya.
In 1829, Sharqiya was annexed under the banner of the Directorate of Maritime Territories after the Egyptian country was divided into three regions: the maritime regions, the central regions, and the SAIDI regions.
The territories and their principalities continued to change and fluctuate, both in terms of their location, borders, names, and the functions of the rulers who dominated them. Muhammad Ali in 1833 :

Restoration of the names of the old geographical regions of the sea face, into which it was previously divided.
Amending the boundaries of most tribal and maritime territories.
Replacing the name of the bailiff, which used to call all or parts of the territories by the name of the Directorate, as well as replacing the name of the bailiff, who used to call the head of the bailiff by the name of the director, and then choosing the city or town that is suitable as a base for each Directorate to house the director and his staff in it, provided that it is chosen in the center of each Directorate as far as possible, so the Eastern was named after the Directorate and its base is Belbeis within 7 directorates in the maritime face, and like them in the tribal face, each Directorate includes under its banner a group of departments.
A decision was issued in 1871 to launch the word center instead of a section on the sections of the directorates of the maritime face, so it said the center of Abu Hamad instead of the Abu Hamad section. The borders of the governorate with its neighbors from other governorates were stabilized in the sixties with the start of the experiment of local government and the replacement of directorates with governorates.
Sharqiya governorate occupies a unique position among the governorates of the eastern Delta, and Sharqiya guards the eastern entrance to the Republic, because of its location, it faces the first shock in every incoming invasion from the East, and because of its unique location and its center east of the Delta, it is a meeting point for the most important transportation routes to the governorates of Ismailia, Port Said, Cairo, Gharbia, Dakahlia and Qalyubia.

About the province

The province of Sharqiya adopted the wild white horse with a green carpet as its logo for its excellence in breeding Purebred Arabian horses and occupying most of the areas in agriculture.

National Day

Sharqiya celebrates its national day on the ninth of September every year in commemoration of the leader Ahmed Orabi's stand for her righteous son from the village of Heriya, who was Reznah of the Zagazig center against the Khedive Tawfik in Abdeen Square in Cairo, opposing the demands of the army in 1881 ad.

Population

Sharqiya governorate is the third governorate in the population census at the Republic level after Cairo and Giza governorate with 7.4% of the population of Egypt, where its estimated population (for 2019) is 7.4 million, representing 25% urban and 75% rural.

Administrative division

The Sharqiya governorate includes the following: 13 centers + 4 cities, 2 districts (first, second), Zagazig, 107 village local units, 509 villages, 3890 Kafr, ezbah, and two industrial cities (the tenth of Ramadan and the new Salhiya ).

Archaeological monuments

Sharqiya governorate boasts archaeological riches and multiple tourist potentials that are unique to other governorates of the sea face, where there are one hundred and twenty archaeological sites, the most famous of which are the two areas of tell Basta and San al–Hajar.

The center of Husseiniya (East) has the archaeological city of San al-Hajar, which is 75 km2 from the city of Zagazig and 130 km from the city of Cairo. It was the political capital of Egypt during the rule of the 21st and 23rd dynasties.it was a major city during the periods of history until the end of the Roman era. the ruins of Tanis provide an epic for the history of the Delta in general. it is rich in pharaonic monuments, as well as monuments from the Greek and Roman eras, especially because it was the main route for the conquest of the Hittite country in Asia Minor and the defense of Egypt in the event of external invasion. Tanis is considered the shortest sea face with its royal temples, obelisks, wells, and palaces.

Temples: the area is replete with many huge stone temples, led by the Great Temple of the god Amun with his statues, obelisks, and Wells.

The god Amun: it is one of the largest temples in the seaward face, and its stones of paintings and statues of various sizes and shapes still exist, and the temple includes a huge granite gate, topped by huge statues of Ramses II accompanied by his beloved wife Marin Amun and his Hittite wife, as well as there is a statue in The Shape of the Sphinx, and the temple has the holy lake, which is followed in its importance by Karnak Lake in Luxor, and there are walls of a huge structure that dates back to 1070 BC.Almost m.

There is a museum of Tell Basta in the city of Zagazig: Tell Basta "Bousta" was an important religious center and one of the capitals of ancient Egypt. Due to its location at the eastern entrance to Egypt, it faced regiments coming from the east through the Sinai, and many conquerors and invaders were besieged.

It was honored that it was a crossing and a temporary residence of the Virgin Mary and her newborn Christ "may peace be upon them" when they came to Egypt.

Bubastis city: outside the city of Zagazig, there are the ruins of the city of "Bubastis", which is one of the largest ancient cities in Egypt, and the great idol of that ancient city "Bubastis" was the graceful cat goddess Bastet, the goddess of love and fertility.

The festivals held in her honor are said to have attracted more than 700,000 revelers in ancient times, who came to Bubastis, sang, danced, celebrated this goddess, consumed large quantities of wine, and made offerings to the goddess, and Bubastis became the capital of the country around 945 BC. During the reign of King Shesheng I, the founder of the twenty-second dynasty, the city was destroyed by the Persians around 350 BC.

The temple of the goddess Bastet was the architectural gem of Bubastis, and it was located between two canals surrounded by trees and surrounded by the city, which was built at a higher level than the temple, which allowed the temple to be seen from it because it is located below it at a lower level.

The construction of the temple began during the reign of King Khufu and King Khafre of the Fourth Dynasty, and then the Pharaonic Kings from the seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, and twenty-second dynasties put their touches and additions to the temple over about 1700 years.

The historian Herodotus wrote that although other temples are larger, more expensive and more expensive, there is not one of these temples that pleases the beholder to see more than the temple of Bastet in the city of Bubastis.

Economy

Sharqiya is the city of the tenth of Ramadan, which is an industrial city containing several factories.
It has the center and the city of Abukbir and is now one of the largest and largest industrial areas, where it was famous for Wood Industries and now it has become famous in the field of the ready-made clothing industry, which has spread recently and includes many ready-made clothing factories and embroidery workshops in addition to being a large commercial country. It also has the new city of Salhiya, where the Salhiya industrial area, where there are many companies and huge farms

Cultural tourism

There are about a hundred archaeological sites spread throughout the al-Sharqiya governorate, according to studies prepared by the Geographic Information Center for Antiquities in partnership with the National Center for Archaeological Documentation. the most famous of these sites are the Tell Basta and San al-Hajar archaeological areas. Tell Basta, located to the northeast of the city of Zagazig, was the capital of all of Egypt, especially during the 22-23 dynasty (931-711 BC). Its ancient name was barbastet (Beit Bastet) and "bubastet" in Greek, and they were based on "Bastet" (cat) local gods, as granite stones were found in the area of the temple of the gods "Bastet" bearing the names of the Kings of Egypt "Khufu", "Khafre" and "Bibi", as well as the remains of a temple of King "Bibi I" and another of the MK "Titi" and many the tombs whose owners bore him of high titles indicate that they were high-ranking officials.
San also played the stone (Tanis) located east of the city of Husseiniya (Sharqiya) is now the most important archaeological site in the northeast of the Delta, and was the capital of the XIX region of the provinces of Lower Egypt in the late era (747-332 BC.M.), and its huge monuments testify to its prosperity and importance, where King Ramses II transferred as many stones and statues as he could to make it his capital.
Qentir, now the center of phakos, was the seat of the rulers of the 19th and 20th dynasties, and traces have been found there from the era of SETI and Ramses II, and it was most likely the capital of the largest empire in the Ancient East after the Ramesses set out from it and expelled the Hyksos and chased them to Asia.

Religious tourism

Sharqiya was the host of the prophets, where the prophet of God Joseph lived, who settled the land of Josh (Wadi tamilat). And the Prophet Moses, who was born there and his mother threw his coffin in the yam, the tannic branch of the Nile, most likely grew up in Samaana and was picked up by the pharaoh of Egypt at the stone maker and was raised in Egypt until God came with the message and went out to the land of Midian from qentir to the city of fell - which is now known as ancient Salihiya - and from there to the Sinai Peninsula.
And here is the Virgin Mary, born by the prophet of God Isa, fleeing from the oppression of the Roman Emperor Herod, heading to Egypt, taking a road from Wadi Tamilat, passing through a hill that was paved by the path of the Holy Family.
Sharqiya was also the first to receive the light of Islam in Egypt. Sharqiya was the crossing taken by the soldiers of Islam led by Amr ibn al-as at the conquest of Egypt, and in the city of Belbis, the first mosque in Egypt and the African continent was built, the Sadat Quraysh mosque, which earlier in terms of history than the mosque of Amr ibn al-as in Fustat, and history states that the army of Amr ibn al-As came from Al-Arish 120 journalists and the mosque was named (Sadat) in memory of the Sadat army of Muslims who witnessed the conquest of Egypt،
Al-Sharqiya was also honored by the passing of the Al-Bayt family, including Mrs. Zainab, may Allah be pleased with her, the daughter of Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib and the granddaughter of the master of creation, accompanied by Mrs. Fatima and Mrs. Sakina, the Daughters of her brother Imam Hussein, may Allah be pleased with all of them, when they left Medina for Egypt after the events of the Battle of Karbala, where they stayed in the town of Al-Abbas, one of the villages of Sharqiya governorate, and then headed to Fustat.

Sports

The most important of these areas are Taha al-Marj, Saud Island, Bani Geri and ansas, all of which produce more than 80% of the horses of the Arab Republic of Egypt, and an international festival is held for them in September every year in which countries of the world interested in purebred Arabian horses participate, headed by the world Arabian horse organization (Wahoo). Sharqiya is also famous for the breeding areas of Falcons and hunting dogs in Anshas Al-RAML, Belbis Center, Al-Sawah, and Abu Hammad Center.
The governorate is also famous for its migratory duck hunting areas in the Abbas Pond, the Akyad Pond of the Fakous Center, which is one of the largest artificial ponds in the world, and the Al-Nasr Pond of the Husseiniya Center, where summer and winter types of shurshiri Ducks, Ghur, Zay, Bulbul, and vegetables are hunted.
As for the sport of hockey, the al-Sharqiya hockey team occupies a leading place in the number of tournaments it has achieved at the level of the African continent, reaching twenty-one African championships out of 24 African Championships and recorded in the Guinness Book of records, which is the record sporting achievement recorded by world sports encyclopedias, and al-Sharqiya is one of the most famous governorates of Egypt in general for sports. Al-Sharqiya is also represented in the Premier League by the former al-Sharqiya club.